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Bureau of Mines Information Circular/1986 



Surface and Underground Coal Mine 
Equipment Population, 1982 



By Michael G. Pojar 




UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 



V- 



\^ I f m I i-op'i,*' ' 



Information Circular 9078 

Surface and Underground Coal Mine 
Equipment Population, 1982 

By Michael G. Pojar 




UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Donald Paul Model, Secretary 

BUREAU OF MINES 
Robert C. Norton, Director 



Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: 



) 



Pojar, Michael G 

Surface and underground coal mine equipment population, 1982. 

(Information circular ; 9078) 

Bibliography: p. 15 

Supt. of Docs, no.: 1 28.27: 9078. 

1. Coal-mining machinery— United States. I. Title. II. Series: 
Information circular (United States. Bureau of Mines) ; 9078. 



TN295.U4 [TN813] 622s [622'.334'0973] 86-600035 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Abstract 1 

Introduction 2 

U.S. coal production 3 

New mine development and expansion, 1976-82 6 

Generic mine modeling for surface and underground coal operations 7 

Equipment population adjustments resulting from coal mine closures 8 

Small mine equipment adjustments 11 

Equipment population estimates for surface and underground coal operations, 

1982 13 

Summary 1^ 

Bibliography 15 

Appendix. — Coal mine equipment data 16 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

1. U.S. coal-producing regions 5 

2. U.S. coal production, 1976-82 5 

3. Major locations of U.S. recoverable coal reserves 6 

TABLES 

1. Principal U.S. mine types and mine production methods, 1976 and 1982 4 

2. Number of surface and underground coal operations, by mine size 4 

3. Generic surface (strip) coal mine equipment fleet "models" for principal 

equipment types using 1976-82 fleet data 7 

4. Generic underground coal mine equipment fleet "models" for principal 

equipment types using 1976-82 fleet data 7 

5. Generic coal mine equipment fleet "models" for selected equipment types 

using 1976 fleet data 9 

6. New surface coal mine production-expansion estimates for principal equip- 

ment types using actual fleet data and hypothesized fleet data as deter- 
mined from the generic mine equipment models 9 

7. New underground coal mine production-expansion estimates for principal 

equipment types using actual fleet data and hypothesized fleet data as 

determined from the generic mine equipment models 10 

8. New mine production-expansion estimates for selected equipment types 

using 1976 fleet data 10 

9. Eastern region surface coal mine allocation factors and equipment reduc- 

tion estimates, by machine type 11 

10. Underground coal mine equipment ratios and adjustments 12 

11. Equipment population estimates for surface coal operations, 1982 12 

12. Equipment population estimates for underground coal operations, 1982 13 

13. Equipment population estimates for surface coal operations, 1982 (aggre- 

gate number) 14 

14. Equipment population estimates for underground coal operations, 1982 

(aggregate number) 14 



11 



TABLE S — Cont inued 

Page 

A-1. Salient equipment fleet statistics for various surface coal mines 16 

A-2. Salient equipment fleet statistics for various underground coal mines.... 18 

A-3. New strip surface coal mines, 1976-82 22 

A-4. New underground coal mines, 1976-82 24 





UNIT OF 


MEASURE 


ABBREVIATIONS 


USED IN THIS 


REPORT 


pet 


percent 


sty 


'yr 


short 


ton 


per 


year 


St 


short 


ton 


yr 




year 









SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND COAL MINE EQUIPMENT POPULATION, 1982 

By Michael G. Pojar ' 



ABSTRACT 

This Bureau of Mines report estimates the population of the principal 
types of machinery in use by the coal mining industry during 1982 in 
surface and underground mines. Estimates were arrived at using 1976 
coal equipment population estimates as baseline data with modifications 
made for new mine development, expansion, and closure occurring during 
1976-82. Estimates were broken down into 3 regions which included all 
26 coal-producing States. 

Modifications made to the baseline data were computed using (1) ac- 
tual equipment information when available, plus (2) equipment informa- 
tion hypothesized from representative generic mine models, which were 
predicated on mine size and mine method. Roughly half of the equipment 
fleet at new or expanding coal operations was known; the remainder was 
hypothesized. The mine models used to generate equipment information 
are included in this report, along with the hypothesized equipment use 
data. The equations and various factors used to determine the equip- 
ment adjustments for mine closings, new mine openings, and small coal 
mine operations are also identified. 



fining engineer. Twin Cities Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Minneapolis, MN. 



INTRODUCTION 



Like other domestic industries, the do- 
mestic mineral industry experiences in- 
juries and fatalities due to accidents in 
the workplace. The direction of research 
needed to forestall these accidents can 
be determined once the fundamental causes 
of mine safety problems are identified. 
One parameter that must be defined to ac- 
complish this end is the immediate physi- 
cal environment into which the miner is 
placed, including the mining equipment 
population of that environment. 

The machine-human environment forms the 
basis for most actions and reactions of 
the miner while on the job. In an effort 
to determine the different environments 
within the mineral industry, the Bureau 
found it necessary to create machine-use 
data files on mining equipment for sur- 
face and underground coal operations as 
well as for surface and underground metal 
and nonmetal operations. This report is 
based on the coal mine study. 

In 1975 the Bureau issued a contract 
(J0366016, Woodward Associates Inc.) to 
prepare a machine-use data file for coal 
mines. A census of the coal industry was 
conducted. The contract, completed in 
1978, identified over 19,000 pieces of 
coal mine equipment in use in 1976. A 
total 1976 coal industry population of 
28,946 surface machines and 21,676 under- 
ground machines was estimated from analy- 
sis of the data received from the 
1,041 mines responding to the census. 
From these data, the following principal 
equipment categories were determined: 
Surface mines: Bulldozers, loaders, 
scrapers, motor graders, cranes, shov- 
els, draglines, and drills. Underground 
mines: Continuous miners, cutting ma- 
chines, scoop tractors and load-haul- 
duraps, roof bolters, shuttle cars, 
gathering arms, drills, and personnel 
carriers. 

The 1976 coal equipment population es- 
timates were updated to 1982 to reflect 
the mine equipment fleet needed for that 
year. This report summarizes the steps 



taken to achieve this update, which is a 
prelude to the analysis of equipment 
and/or health and safety data. 

Estimates of coal equipment populations 
were established according to the follow- 
ing criteria: 

1. Coal equipment census information 
for 1976, as compiled by Woodward Asso- 
ciates Inc. , under Bureau contract 
J0366016, is the basis data for all 
equipment extrapolations. 

2. Extrapolations of equipment use 
data were made for the 1982 coal produc- 
tion year. 

3. 1982 estimates were broken down 
when possible by coal-producing regions 
(zones) as established in contract 
J0366016. 

4. Estimates were made for the princi- 
pal types of equipment as identified in 
contract J0366016. 

5. Modifications made to the 1976 
equipment base data include — 

a. Subtraction adjustments for 
mine closures (eastern surface coal oper- 
ations only), 

b. Addition adjustments for new 
mine production and/or expansion. 

c. Addition adjustments for small 
mine development (underground coal opera- 
tions only). 

6. "Generic" equipment mine models 
based on (1) equipment fleet data of 
new mine development occurring between 
1976 and 1982 and (2) mine equipment 
fleet data compiled from contract 
J0366016 were created for various mining 
capacities and different mining methods. 
These models were used to hypothesize 
equipment fleet data for mining opera- 
tions where information was lacking. 

The following basic assumptions were 
made in the course of deriving the 1982 
coal equipment population estimates. 

1. New coal mine development as deter- 
mined from production information ex- 
tracted from the Health and Safety Analy- 
sis Center (HSAC) data base was assumed 
to be all inclusive. 



2. Information published yearly by 
Coal Age Magazine is a valid basis for 
projecting coal mine expansion and/or 
curtailment. 

3. Coal mines that reduced produc- 
tion during 1976-82 generally did not 
experience changes in the size of their 
equipment fleets. This assumption is 
based on examining equipment records for 
over 1,000 fleets. 

4. Coal mines that expanded production 
during 1976-82 generally experienced in- 
creases in the size of their equipment 
fleets. This was also determined from 
inspection of records. 

5. Equipment adjustments for small- 
scale coal operations (yearly produc- 
tion <10,000 st coal) were accurately 



determined using information from the 
1983 Keystone Coal Industry Manual. This 
information was assumed to be all 
inclusive. 

6. The 1976 ratios of individual ma- 
chine type population to the total 
equipment population for surface and 
underground coal operations producing 
<100,000 st/yr are the same for 1982 sur- 
face and underground coal operations pro- 
ducing <10,000 st/yr. 

7. The increase in manpower produc- 
tivity in 1982 over 1976 as measured by 
the Mine Safety and Health Administra- 
tion (MSHA) does not necessarily have 
a direct or linear correlation to machine 
productivity. 



U.S. COAL PRODUCTION 



In both 1976 and 1982, there were 26 
coarl-producing States. Figure 1 iden- 
tifies these States and also classi- 
fies them by the regions established by 
Woodward Associates Inc. in contract 
J0366016. Nine states (Alabama, Georgia, 
Kentucky — East, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsyl- 
vania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Vir- 
ginia) belong to the Eastern region; nine 
states (Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, 
Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky — West, Missouri, 
Oklahoma, and Texas) belong to the Cen- 
tral region; and nine states (Alaska, 
Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, 
North Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyo- 
ming) belong to the Western region. Ta- 
ble 1 identifies each State by its prin- 
cipal mine type (surface or underground 
operation) and its principal mine produc- 
tion method (surface or underground coal 
production) for 1976 and 1982. Little or 
no change in mine type or mine method 
took place in 1976-82. Three States mine 
primarily underground coal, 8 mine rough- 
ly equal amounts of surface and under- 
ground coal, and 14 mine primarily sur- 
face coal. 

Figure 2 plots coal production for sur- 
face and underground coal mining for 



1976-82. Table 2 identifies the num- 
ber of coal surface and underground 
operations by mine size for the same 
period. In 1982 surface coal production 
increased by 29.6 pet over 1976 surface 
coal production. During the same period 
small surface mines decreased in number 
while large surface mines increased in 
number. Undergound coal production in- 
creased by 11.5 pet between 1976 and 
1982, with a general increase in the num- 
ber of all sizes of underground coal 
mines. The total number of small-scale 
surface coal operations (<10,000 st/yr 
coal) did not change significantly be- 
tween 1976 and 1982, while the total num- 
ber of small-scale underground coal oper- 
ations (<10,000 st/yr coal) experienced 
a growth of about 58 pet, from 657 oper- 
ations in 1976 to 1,036 operations in 
1982. 

Surface and underground coal produc- 
tion over the period 1976-82 fluctuated 
greatly, increasing from 1976 to 1977, 
decreasing from 1977 to 1978, increas- 
ing again from 1978 to 1980, and finally 
decreasing from 1980 to 1982. During 
this indecisive period, with old mines 
constantly closing and new mines 



TABLE 1. - Principal U.S. mine types and mine production methods, 
1976 and 1982 

(S=surface; U=underground; S&U=surface and underground) 



State 



Principal mine type 



1976 



1982 



Principal mine production method 



1976 



1982 



Alabama , 

Alaska ■ 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Colorado , 

Georgia 

Illinois , 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky , 

Maryland 

Missouri , 

Montana , 

New Mexico. . . , 
North Dakota. , 

Ohio 

Oklahoma , 

Pennsylvania. , 
Tennessee. . , , 

Texas 

Utah , 

Virginia , 

Washington. . . , 
West Virginia. 
Wyoming , 



S 

S 

S 

S 

S&U 

S 

S&U 

S 

S 

S 

S&U 

S 

S 

S 

S 

S 

S 

S 

S 

S&U 

S 

U 

u 
s 
u 
s 



s 
s 
s 
s 

S&U 

s 

S&U 

s 
s 
s 

S&U 

s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 

S&U 
S 

u 
u 

S 

u 

S 



S&U 

s 
s 
s 

S&U 
S 

S&U 
S 

s 
s 

S&U 
S&U 

s 
s 
s 
s 

S&U 

s 

S&U 

s&u 
s 

u 
u 
s 
u 
s 



S&U 

s 

s 

s 

s&u 

s 

s&u 

s 

s 

s 

s&u 

s&u 

s 

s 

s 

s 

s&u 

s 

s&u 

s&u 

s 

u 

u 

s 

u 

s 



TABLE 2. - Number of surface and underground coal operations, by mine size 



Coal mine production range, 
10^ St 


1976 


1977 


1978 


1979 


1980 


1981 


1982 


Surface: 

<10 


1,220 
U 
U 

U 

u 
u 


898 
1,406 
614 
331 
196 
130 


827 
1,439 
628 
309 
202 
125 


U 
1,265 
478 
324 
201 
140 


U 
966 
430 
308 
225 
153 


U 
978 
420 
321 
258 
143 


1,220 


10 to 49 

50 to 99 


1,052 
403 


100 to 199 


285 


200 to 500 

>500 


214 
153 


Total 


3,739 


3,575 


3,530 


U J 


U 


U 


3,327 


Underground: 

<10 


657 
U 
U 
U 

U 
U 


622 
982 
363 
235 
165 
135 


1 

750 
1,082 
359 
223 
173 
113 


u 

860 
412 
260 
209 
176 


U 
772 
448 
275 
222 
170 


U 
855 
484 
295 
230 
156 


1 ,036 


10 to 49 


856 


50 to 99 


471 


100 to 199 


289 


200 to 500 


206 


>500 


169 


Total 


2,422 


2,502 


2,700 


U 


U 


U 


3,027 





LEGEND 

Central region 
Eastern region 
Western region Scale, miles 

FIGURE 1. - U.S. coal-producing regions. 



900 



800 



700 



600 



O 500 - 



°- 400 



200 



T r 



Totoi 



Surface 



Underground 




1976 



1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 

TIME, yr 



FIGURE 2. - U.S. coal production, 1976-82. 



constantly opening, few if any techno- 
logical advances in equipment design oc- 
curred, and there were no major modi- 
fications in coal mine extraction. The 
principal types of equipment in use in 
1982 were essentially the same as in 
1976. 

The information and production trends 
suggest that surface mining equipment 
predominates in the Central and Western 
States, while most underground equipment 
is located in the Eastern States. This 
particular pattern or trend is expected 
to become even more evident in the 
future, as figure 3 implies. Nine states 
hold approximately 80 pet or roughly 25.6 
billion St of recoverable coal (recover- 
able coal reserves at active mines). Of 
this total, 10.8 billion st is undergound 
coal located principally in four Eastern 
States, and 14.8 billion st is surface 
coal located principally in five Western 
States. 





LEGEND 



W^- Recoverable surface cool 
reserves 



^ Recoverable underground 
coal reserves 



Scale, miles 



FIGURE 3. - Major locations of U.S. recoverable coal reserves. 



NEW MINE DEVELOPMENT AND EXPANSION, 1976-82 



The estimates for the principal coal- 
mining machinery types were made by 
adjusting 1976 coal mine equipment 
populations. The calculations included 
allowances for (1) new mine develop- 
ment and/or expansion, (2) mine closures, 
and (3) small mine (<10,000 st/yr coal) 
equipment adjustments. 

Principal sources of information on new 
mine development and/or expansion in- 
cluded Coal Age magazine's summary re- 
ports on coal mine development and expan- 
sion, MSHA HSAC data base tapes, and 
Keystone Coal Industry Manuals. At the 
beginning of each calendar year the Coal 
Age mining journal lists, based on in- 
formation made available to them, new or 
expanding operations that will probably 
put new capacity into production. Be- 
tween 1976 and 1982 Coal Age predicted 
that 850 coal mining operations would add 



to new production. Of these, 200 op- 
erations (77 surface coal mines and 123 
underground coal mines) producing 
>10,000 st/yr coal were confirmed, using 
the Keystone Manuals, to have gone 
on-stream as new coal mine production or 
to have Increased coal production capac- 
ity by 1982. Using the HSAC data tapes, 
approximately 1,150 operations were iden- 
tified as having applied for permits 
to operate new coal mines between 
1976 and 1982; of these, an additional 
240 operations (91 surface coal mines, 
and 149 underground coal mines) produc- 
ing >10,000 st/yr coal by 1982 were 
identified. 

The 440 new or expanding coal opera- 
tions are listed in the tables in the 
appendix. Tables A-1 and A-2 list, by 
State, surface and underground coal 
operations where the principal fleet 



equipment in use is known. Tables A-3 
and A-4 list, again by State, surface and 
underground coal operations where prin- 
cipal fleet equipment in use is unknown. 
In cases where a coal mining operation 



decreased its coal capacity between 1976 
and 1982, it was assumed that its equip- 
ment fleet did not change either in type 
or amount of equipment. 



GENERIC MINE MODELING FOR SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND COAL OPERATIONS 



Actual equipment fleet information was 
known for approximately one-half of the 
operations that indicated new mine devel- 
opment and/or expansion during 1976-82. 
This information was used to develop coal 
mine models for principal equipment types 
for operations of various sizes, using a 



variety of mining methods. These models 
served as the basis for determining 
the hypothetical equipment fleet numbers 
for the remaining operations. Tables 3 
and 4 summarize data on the various 
equipment models; these "generic" equip- 
ment fleet data represent the average 



TABLE 3. - Generic surface (strip) coal mine equipment fleet "models" 
for principal equipment types using 1976-82 fleet data 



Size, 
10^ St 


Drag- 
lines 


Over- 
burden 
drills 


Bull- 
dozers 


Front- 
end 
loaders 


Haulage 
trucks 


Loading 
shovels 


Stripping 
shovels 


0.01- 0.50.. 
0.51- 2.50.. 
2.51-15.00.. 


1 
2 
3 


2 
3 
3 


5 
11 
12 


5 
3 
3 


7 

8 

17 



1 
2 



1 
3 



TABLE 4. - Generic underground coal mine equipment fleet "models" for principal 
equipment types using 1976-82 fleet data 





Size, 


Haulage 


Tractor 


Under- 


Contin- 


Long- 


Mechan- 


Roof 


Mining method 


10^ St 


trucks 


trail- 


ground 


uous 


wall 


ical 


bolters 








ers 


drills 


miners 


units 


loaders 




Conventional. . 


0.01-0.50 








4 


1 





4 


4 


Continuous- 


















conventional. 


.01- .50 








1 


2 





1 


3 


Continuous- 


















longwall 


.01-1.00 
1.01-2.00 


5 
5 










6 
12 


1 
2 


1 

1 


7 
10 


Continuous. . . . 


.01- .50 


1 


2 


1 


4 


1 





4 




.51-1.00 


10 





1 


7 








9 




1.01-2.00 





5 





10 


1 


1 


15 




2.01-3.00 


15 





1 


15 


^ 





17 




Rock 


Shuttle 


Con- 


Loco- 


Mine 


Pumps 


Cutters 




.01- .50 


dusters 


cars 


veyors 


motives 


cars 






Conventional. . 


1 


12 


5 








2 


4 


Continuous- 


















conventional. 


.01- .50 


1 


4 


4 








2 


1 


Continuous- 


















longwall 


.01-1.00 


12 


13 


15 


5 


5 


5 


1 




1.01-2.00 


6 


20 


17 


7 


5 


25 


1 


Continuous. . . . 


.01- .50 


4 


7 


3 


1 


2 


3 







.51-1.00 


5 


15 


10 


4 


50 


10 







1.01-2.00 


7 


22 


16 


9 


100 


15 







2.01-3.00 


13 


22 


22 


9 


100 


15 






values of the known equipment fleet 
information. The hypothesized equipment 
fleet for a particular operation can be 
determined once the capacity and method 
of mining are specified. 

Table 5 summarizes modeling informa- 
tion for selected equipment types as 
determined by analyzing 1976 coal 
equipment fleet data. The generic equip- 
ment fleet number for these equipment 
types is determined by multiplying the 
fleet specification number (the num- 
ber of pieces of equipment needed if in 



use by the particular-sized operation) 
by the corresponding zonal multiplier 
(a weighted factor particular to each 
region or zone) . The resulting product 
number is independent of mining method. 
Tables 6, 7, and 8 summarize the coal 
equipment population additions resulting 
from new surface and underground coal 
mine production and expansion during 
1976-82. These equipment estimates are 
incorporated into the 1982 coal equipment 
population estimates that appear later in 
this report. 



EQUIPMENT POPULATION ADJUSTMENTS RESULTING FROM COAL MINE CLOSURES 



Several surface coal mines ceased oper- 
ating during 1976-82. Upon close exami- 
nation of the number of 1976 and 1982 
mines, a net loss of surface mining oper- 
ations was revealed only in the Eastern 
coal region of the United States. Since 
specific mine closures could not be de- 
termined, reductions to the principal 
equipment populations were determined by 
making theoretical calculations relative 
to the 1976 population projections deter- 
mined in contract J0366016 by Woodward 
Associates Inc. Reductions in population 
for the various equipment types as used 
in Eastern surface coal operations 
were calculated using equation 1. For 
any particular equipment type utilized in 
Eastern surface coal operations 



X = 



A-B«580 



(1) 



where 



X = calculated mine closure 

equipment reduction number, 



A = 1976 surface coal equipment 
population estimate, 

B = 1976 equipment allocation 
factor for Eastern region 
(table 9), 

C = number of Eastern surface 
mines operating in 1976, or 
3,492, 

and 580 = net loss in Eastern surface 
mines between 1976 and 1982. 

Table 9 lists the allocation factors by 
machine type for the Eastern coal- 
producing region and summarizes the re- 
duction calculation estimates for the 
principal equipment types as determined 
by equation 1. These equipment reduction 
estimates are incorporated into the 1982 
coal equipment population estimates that 
appear later in this report. 



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11 



TABLE 9. - Eastern region surface coal mine allocation factors 
and equipment reduction estimates, by machine type 



Machine type 



Bulldozers. . . . 

Loaders 

Scrapers 

Motor graders, 

Cranes 

Shovels 

Draglines. . . . , 
Drills , 



Allocation factor 
(B), 1976^ 




Based on 1976 surface coal equipment population projection. 
Based on estimates from mine closures (theoretical calcula- 
tions), 1976-82. 

SMALL MINE EQUIPMENT ADJUSTMENTS 



Actual published information on coal 
production, equipment utilization, etc., 
was limited in general to operations 
with annual production >10,000 st coal. 
Consequently, adjustments to the equip- 
ment populations, based on a change in 
the number of small mines (annual produc- 
tion <10,000 st coal) operating during 
the 1976-82 period, had to be considered. 

Statistical information revealed that 
the number of small-scale surface coal 
operations did not change between 1976 
and 1982. Approximately 1,220 small- 
scale surface coal mines operated during 
both those years. The number of small- 
scale underground coal operations, how- 
ever, increased roughly 58 pet, from 657 
small-scale underground mines in 1976 to 
1,036 underground mines in 1982. Equip- 
ment population adjustments for the vari- 
ous equipment types as used in small- 
scale underground coal operations were 
calculated using equation 2. For any 
particular underground equipment type 



= 1,405'1,036-A-B 
657 



(2) 



where x = equipment population adjust- 
ment and/or operation. 



A = 1976 equipment type ratio 
(table 10), 

B = equipment allocation factor 



B = 0.85 for Eastern zone 
B = 0.13 for Central zone 
B = 0.02 for Western zone 



1,405 = 1976 machine total population 
for small mines, 

1,036 = 1982 small underground mines 
operating, 

and 657 = 1976 small underground mines 
operating. 

Table 10 lists the equipment ratios for 
the various types of machinery and also 
summarizes the calculated population ad- 
justments determined for the princi- 
pal underground coal equipment (using 
equation 2) that would be used in all of 
the coal-producing regions. These ad- 
justments are incorporated into the 1982 
coal equipment populations that appear 
later in this report. 



12 



TABLE 10. - Underground coal mine equipment ratios and adjustments^ 



Machine type 


Equipment 
ratio (A) 2 


Small mine equipment adjustments, 1976-82 




Eastern 


Central 


Western 


Continuous miners 

Cutting machines 

Scoop tractors and load- 
haul-dumps. 
Roof bolters. 


0.133 
.089 
.190 

.227 
.190 
.061 
.047 
.063 


250 
167 
358 

428 
358 
115 
88 
120 


38 
26 
55 

65 
55 
18 
14 
18 


6 
4 
8 

10 


Shuttle cars. 


8 


Gathering arms 


2 


Drills 


2 


Personnel carriers 


3 



in the number of small mines operating 



Adjustments resulting from a change 
between 1976 and 1982. 

Based on 1976 underground coal equipment population projections. 

TABLE 11. - Equipment population estimates for surface coal operations, 1982 



Population factor 



Eastern Central Western 



Eastern Central Western 



1976 projection' 

Closures, 1976-82^ 

New mine production and 
expansion: 

1976-82 

1982 projection-^ 



1976 projection' 

Closures, 1976-82^ 

New mine production and 
expansion: 

1976-82 

1982 projection^ , 



1976 projection' , 

Closures, 1976-82^ 

New mine production and 
expansion: 

1976-82 

1982 projection-^ 



1976 projection , 

Closures, 1976-82^ , 

New mine production and 
expansion: 

1976-82 , 

1982 projection^ , 



Bulldozers 



Loaders 



9,202 
-1,094 



395 

8,503 



1,366 
-127 



66 
1,305 



159 
-9 



4 
154 



1,502 
-182 



64 
1,384 



1,551 




187 
1,738 



508 




373 
881 



7,133 
-910 



345 
6,568 



857 





73 
930 



261 




168 
429 



Scrapers 



422 




50 
472 



Motor graders 



314 




219 
533 



855 
-83 



36 

808 



185 





26 
211 



Cranes 



Shovels 



38 





38 



14 




72 
86 



1,159 

-140 



16 
1,035 



274 





32 
306 



Draglines 
355 




40 
395 



Drills 



135 





51 
186 



1,856 
-200 



156 
1,812 



371 




43 
414 



Base; from Woodward Associates Inc. 
"Theoretical calculations; for Eastern region only, 
Projections for total pieces of equipment. 



133 





93 
226 



104 




89 
193 



192 





96 
288 



13 



EQUIPMENT POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND COAL OPERATIONS, 1982 



Equipment populations were determined 
for eight surface mining machines and 
eight underground mining machines in use 
in 1982. Estimates were arrived at us- 
ing the 1976 coal equipment population 
projections (contract J0366016, Woodward 
Associates Inc.) as the baseline data 
with adjustments made for (1) new mine 
development, (2) increased coal capac- 
ity from existing coal operations, and 
(3) mine closures, all activities occur- 
ring between 1976 and 1982. Adjustments 
to the baseline data were computed 
using actual equipment information or 
modeled hypothetical equipment data. 
Tables 11-14 summarize the 1982 equipment 



population estimates. Tables 11 and 12 
summarize the equipment population esti- 
mates by region as determined by popula- 
tion factors for surface and underground 
coal operations respectively. Tables 13 
and 14 also list the aggregate totals of 
the equipment in use in surface and 
underground coal mines respectively. The 
1982 estimates were made only for the 
principal pieces of equipment that had 
been identified in and counted by earlier 
Bureau-sponsored work. (1976). The 1982 
estimates are as accurate as the previ- 
ous (1976) equipment population figures 
(contract J0366016). 



TABLE 12. - Equipment population estimates for underground coal operations, 1982 



Population factor 

1976 projection ' 

Adjustment 1976-82^ 

New mine production and 
expansion: 

1976-82 

1982 projection^ 

1976 projection' 

Adjustment 1976-82^ 

New mine production and 
expansion: 

1976-82 

1982 projection^ 

1976 projection ' 

Adjustment 1976-82^ 

New mine production and 
expansion: 

1976-82 

1982 projection^ 

1976 projection' 

Adjustment 1976-82-^ 

New mine production and 
expansion: 

1976-82 

1982 projection^ 

Base; from Woodward Associates 
Small mine equipment adjustmen 
Projections for total pieces o 



Eastern 



Central 



Western 



Continuous miners 



2,356 
250 



525 
3,131 



400 
38 



83 
521 



179 
6 



129 
314 



Scoop tractors and 
load-haul-dumps 



2,519 
358 



340 
3,217 



377 
55 



54 
486 



143 



17 
168 



Shuttle cars 



4,441 
358 



1,458 
6,257 



1,132 
55 



152 
1,339 



371 



217 
596 



604 
88 



221 
913 



^ri_ll_s_ 
" r30 
14 



-2 
142 



10 
2 



17 
29 



Eastern 



Central 



Western 



Cutting machines 



955 
167 



177 
1,299 



135 
26 



-2 
159 



25 
4 



-1 

28 



Roof bolters 



3,703 
428 



758 
4,889 



643 
65 



87 
795 



165 
10 



119 
294 



Gathering arms 



971 

115 



168 
1,254 



148 
18 



18 
184 



21 
2 



24 
47 



___Pe_r^sonnel carriers 
1,625 



120 



167 
1,912 



562 
18 




580 



61 
3 




64 



Inc. 
ts. 
f equipment. 



14 



TABLE 13. - Equipment population estimates for surface 
coal operations, 1982 (aggregate number) 



Equipment type 



Bulldozers. . . , 

Loaders 

Scrapers 

Motor graders, 

Cranes 

Shovels 

Draglines. . , . 
Drills 



Populati on es tima tes, by zone 

Total 



Eastern 
8,503" 
6,568 
1,305 
808 
154 
1,035 
1,384 
1,812 



Central 
' 1,738 
930 
472 
211 
38 
306 
395 
414 



Western 
88"r~ 
429 
533 
226 
86 
193 
186 
288 



11,122 
7,927 
2,310 
1,245 
278 
1,534 
1,965 
2,514 



TABLE 14. - Equipment population estimates for underground 
coal operations, 1982 (aggregate number) 



Equipment type 



Continuous miners 

Cutting machines 

Scoop tractors and load-haul- 
dumps. 

Roof bolters 

Shuttle cars 

Gathering arms 

Drills 

Personnel carriers 



Popul a tion estimates, by zone 
Eastern 



3,131 
1,299 
3,217 

4,889 
6,257 
1,254 
913 
1,912 



Central 



521 
159 
486 

795 
1,339 
184 
142 
580 



Western 



314 

28 

168 

294 

596 

47 

29 

64 



Total 



3,966 
1,486 
3,871 

5,978 
8,192 
1,485 
1,084 
2,556 



SUMMARY 



This report developed 1982 estimates 
on the U.S. population of 16 principal 
pieces of equipment as used to produce 
coal from surface and underground mines 
from existing equipment information from 
various sources. In addition, the meth- 
odology used to determine these estimates 
is described. 

The machine use data base on mining 
equipment for coal, as well as metal 
and nonmetal, mining provides a basis 



for discerning the different environments 
within the mineral industry. This infor- 
mation is instrumental to the analysis of 
problem areas within the industry. Ad- 
ditionally, the machine use data base 
provides insight to the manufacturing 
sector of the mineral industry, indicat- 
ing, among other things, actual equipment 
use and needs by location, and identify- 
ing technological advances in mining 
methodology. 



15 



BIBLIOGEIAPHY 



Bielicki, R. J., and D. C. Uhrin. Coal 
Mine Equipment Forecast to 1985. BuMines 
IC 8710, 1976, 37 pp. 

Boykins, C. Bituminous Coal and Lig- 
nite Production and Mine Operations- 
1977. U.S. Energy Inf. Admin., Energy 
Data Rep. DOE/EIA-01 18(77) , Dec. 21, 
1979, 78 pp. 

. Bituminous Coal and Lignite 

Production and Mine Operations — 1978. 
U.S. Energy Inf. Admin., Energy Data 
Rep. DOE/EIA-01 18(78), June 16, 1980, 
82 pp. 

Boykins, C, A. M. Ducca, and 
F. Freme. Coal Production — 1979. U.S. 
Energy Inf. Admin., Energy Data Rep. 
DOE/EIA-01 18(79), Apr. 30, 1981, 108 pp. 

Frey, L. H. Coal — Bituminous and Lig- 
nite. Ch. in BuMines Minerals Yearbook 
1976, V. 1, pp. 343-353. 

Gavan, G. R. , C. W. Harpur, L. Schaf- 
fer, and J. L. Woodward. Coal Mine 
Equipment Population Characterization and 
Protective Structure Status. Volumne I 
(contract J0366016, Woodward Associates 
Inc.). BuMines OFR 40(1)-81, 1978, 222 
pp.; NTIS PB 81-194946. 



Gavan, G. R. , and K. Winters. Coal 
Mine Equipment Population Characteriza- 
tion and Protective Structure Status. 
Volumne II (contract J0366016, Woodward 
Associates Inc.). BuMines OFR 40(2)-81, 
1979, 125 pp.; NTIS PB 81-194953. 

Interagency Task Force oa Coal. Pro- 
ject Independence. Fed. Energy Admin., 
Final Task Force Rep., Nov. 1974, 175 pp. 

Ungar, E. E. A Census of Mobile Ma- 
chines Used in U.S. Surface Coal Mines 
(contract J0166057, Bolt, Beranek and 
Newman, Inc. and Woodward Associates 
Inc.). BuMines OFR 77-78, 1977, 174 pp.; 
NTIS PB 284 112. 

U.S. Department of Labor. Injury Ex- 
perience in Coal Mining. Inf. Rep. 1097, 

1978 (1976 rep.) 143 pp.; Inf. Rep. 1108, 

1979 (1977 rep.), 143 pp.; Inf. Rep. 
1112, 1979 (1978 rep.), 355 pp.; Inf. 
Rep. 1138, 1982 (1981 rep.), 316 pp. 

. Mine Injuries and Worktime, 

Quarterly. Various issues, 1978-83. 

U.S. Energy Information Administration. 
Coal Production — 1980. Energy Data Rep. 
DOE/EIA-01 18(80) , May 1982, 93 pp. 

. Coal Production — 1981. Energy 

Data Rep. DOE/EIA-0118 (81), Dec. 1982, 
104 pp. 



16 



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22 



TABLE A-3. - New strip surface coal mines, 1976-82 
(Equipment fleet statistics unknown) 



Company, by State 



Colorado: 

Chimney Rock Coal Co 

Colorado Yampa Coal Co 

Co lowyo Coal Co 

Flat Iron Paving Co 

Perma Mining Corp 

Quinn Coal Co 

Rockcastle Co 

Seneca Coals 

Sigma Mining Co 

Trinidad Basin Mining 

Wyoming Fuel Co 

Indiana: 

AMAX Coal 

Do 

Iowa: 

Iowa Fuel & Minerals 

Quality Coal Co 

Kentucky (Eastern) : 

Energy Coal Income Partnership, 
Do , 

Peabody Coal Co , 

Oklahoma: Fuel Dynamics Inc...., 
Pennsylvania: 

Baker Coal Co 

Farkas Coal Co , 

J & B Coal Co 

M & Y Fuel Corp.... , 

Texas: 

Texas Utilities Co , 

Do , 

Do , 

Virginia: 

Consolidation Coal Co , 

Do , 

Lester & Simpson Coals , 

Washington: Old King Coal Co..,, 
West Virginia: 

Belva Coal Co. Inc , 

Blackbird Mining Co , 

Bluebird Mining Co , 

Bridgeport Hills Dvl. Corp...., 

Capitol Coal Co. Inc 

Colony Bay Coal Co. 



Mine 



Chimney Rock. . , 

1 & 2, 

Co lowyo 

Bourg 

CCMC 1 

Tomahawk 

Grossy Creek 1. 

Seneca 2 , 

Canadian 

Trinidad Basin, 
Tri County. . . . , 



Belle Ayr. . . 
Eagle Butte. 



Welsh... . 
Quality 1 



22 

25 

Walton Creek. , 
Black Diamond, 



Baker Strip. 
Marion 4. . . , 
Lynch Gpr. . . 
#1 Surface., 



Big Brown. . , 
Martin Lake, 
Monticello. . 



Shawnee Surface. 
Three Forks. . . . , 
23 , 

Old King Coal. . , 



10 A 

Surface Mine #1 

#1 

1 



1 002-0 

Colony Bay Surface, 



Si 
(a 



ze, 10^ St 
s of 1982) 



0.26 

2.90 

3.15 

.08 

.03 

.04 

.18 

1.30 

.20 

.08 

.09 

15.16 
9.06 

.10 
.04 

.09 
.33 
.44 
.43 

.01 
.02 
.02 
.01 

5.40 

11.20 

6.00 

.15 
.06 
.02 
.03 

.27 
.54 

.02 
.03 

.01 

.47 



23 



TABLE A-3. - New strip surface coal mines, 1976-82 — Continued 
(Equipment fleet statistics unknown) 



Company, by State 



West Virginia — Continued 

Commanche Coal Inc 

Ed-E Den Co 

Freeman Branch Mining 

G & M Coal Inc 

G & W Equipment Leasing Inc 

Great Mt . Coal Co. Inc 

Green River Mining Corp.... 

John Brown Harris Inc 

K-Stele Corp 

Do 

Kelley Coal Co 

Kim Coal Corp 

Land Use Corp 

Do 

La Rosa Fuel Co 

M & M Limestone Inc ■ 

Meadowdale Coal Corp 

National Const. Co. Inc.... 

P & B Fuels , 

Pavex Inc , 

Peaker Run Coal Co 

Perry & Hylton Inc , 

Preston County Coal & Coke. , 

Princess Susan Coal Co , 

RDC-Monongah Inc 

Ro-Ser & Associates Inc...., 

Salt Lick Coal Corp , 

Sharon Coal Co 

T & S Coal Inc , 

Talbott-Marks Co. Inc , 

Union Grant Coal & Stone.... 

United Coal Inc 

Valley Camp Coal Co 

Vecellio & Grogan Inc 

Whitesville A & S Coal Co.., 

Do , 

Winston Coal Co , 

Wyoming: 

Atlantic Richfield , 

Delzer Construction Co , 

Mobile Coal Producing Inc., 
Sunedco , 



Mine 



Commanchi Strip.... 
Ed-E #4 Rosedale... 

Freeman Branch 

#1 

#1 

Mary Rose 

Righter #1 

#1 

#1 

#2 

Hustead 

#1 Surface 

Little Farah 

McClung 

Hodgelleville #1.. . 

#1 

#2 

National 1 

Stewarts Town Mine. 

#1 

Excelsior Ridge.... 

Gango 1 

Geer Mansion 

Frozen Branch 

#1 

5G 

Spruce Fork Mine #1 

JR #2 

T & S Surface 4. ... 
Grossy Creek #1..., 

#1 

McWhorten 1 

VC #45 

Edna Ruth Surface. . 

Francis #1 

Layland 

Davy Surface 

Coal Creek 

Fort Union 

Caballo Ro Jo 

Cordero 



Siz 
(as 



e, 10^ St 
of 1982) 



0.32 
.06 
.07 
.02 
.05 
.01 
.02 
.06 
.03 
.01 
.18 
.38 
.03 
.10 
.08 
.02 
.05 
.01 
.02 
.01 
.14 
.17 
.07 
.01 
.04 
.03 
.04 
.02 
.14 
.08 
.05 
.07 
.03 
.08 
.15 
.12 
.08 

1.00 
.21 
.05 

7.70 



24 



TABLE A-4. - New underground coal mines, 1976-82 
(Equipment fleet statistics unknown) 



'size, 10^ St 
(as of 1982) 



Company, by State 



Mine 



Colorado: 

Harrison Western 

Salt Creek Mining 

Sunflower Energy Corp 

Maryland: Masteller Coal Company 

Pennsylvania: 

Chafe Mining Co . Inc 

Consolidation Coal Co 

Sierra Mining Co 

Stone King Coal Co. Inc 

Utah: 

Emery Mining Corp 

Tower Resources Inc 

Virginia: 

Consolidation Coal Co 

Pigeon Branch Coal Co 

Ridge Land Co 

Do 

West Virginia: 

ABC Coal Co 

Appalantlc Corp 

Big Bear Mining Co 

Blueco Sales & Processing Co 

Bolt Mt . Energy 

Brenkee Coal Co 

Candice Coal Co 

Cannelton Industries 

Cedar Coal Co 

Char-Lynn Coal Co 

Cline Coal Inc 

Do 

Coal Management Inc 

Curtis Coal Co. Inc 

Do 

D & L Coal Inc 

Darn Coal Co . Inc 

Demotto Peerless Coal Co 

Denart Coal Co. Inc 

Eas tern Mingo Coal Co 

Elk River Sewell Coal Co 

Elk Run Coal Company 

Do 

Enviro Energy Inc 

Do 

Do 

Do 

First Big Mount Mining Co 

Gone Under Coal Co 

H & J Coal Co 

H & H Coal Co 

Halfway Inc 

'Mining method unknown except as indicated 



Newlin Creek. . . 
McClane Canyon. 
Blue Ribbon. . . . 
JT #2 



#1 Mine. . . 
Dents Run. 
Sierra 1. . 
Crawdad 1 . 



Little Dove. 
Apex , 



Crane Creek 12. 
#8 

Ridge Land 2. . . 
Spice Creek. . . , 



#3A 

Appalantic #2 

Big Bear 2 

#2 Mine 

Bolt Mt 

#2 UG 

#1 

#130 

Robin #5 

Char-Lynn 

#3 

#4 

#2 

Campbell Creek #2P. 

Eagle IP 

#1 

Hernshaw 2P 

#24 

#1 

#1 

Stillhouse Run #1. . 

Black Queen 

Queen 

Enviro #2 

Enviro #3 

Linan #3 (CM) 

Glade Run 

Big Mountain #1.... 

Winifrede #6P 

#3 

H & H #1 

#1 



0.04 
.07 


.42 

.13 
.10 
.05 
.05 

.27 
.05 

.10 
.08 
.05 
.10 

.05 
.02 
.03 
.08 
.26 
.07 
.03 
.21 
.03 
.01 
.04 
.03 
.05 
.01 
.11 
.12 
.15 
.03 
.14 
.47 
.04 
.06 
.12 
.02 
.02 
.02 
.04 
.09 
.07 
.04 
.07 
.08 



CM continuous mining; CV conventional. 



25 



TABLE A-4. - New underground coal mines, 1976-82 — Continued 
(Equipment fleet statistics unknown) 



Size, 10^ St 
(as of 1982) 



Company, by State 



Mine 



West Virginia — Continued 

Hull Coal Corp 

Do 

KC & D Mining Co. Inc 

Kara Coal Corp 

Kitchekan Fuel Corp 

Kris-Beth Inc 

L & D Inc 

L & M Coal Company 

Little Hope Mining Inc 

Lobo Capital Inc 

Logan Coal Inc 

Low Ash Coal Co 

Low-Hol Coal Co 

Mack Coal Co . Inc 

Maiden Mining Co 

Mistery Mountain Coal 

Mo Gas CO Mining Co 

Moccasin Mining Co. Inc 

New Coals Inc 

New Elk Coal Co 

Omar Mining Co 

Do 

Pannlid Coal Co 

Perry Branch Coal Co 

Prestonia Coal Co. Inc 

Do 

Red Rose Coal Co 

Ro-Fer & Associates , Inc 

Rock Bull Mining Co 

Runda Mining Co 

Rush Run Coal Inc 

S & M Coal Company 

Shell Ray Mining WC 

Simron Fuel Co 

Southern Appalachian Coal 

Do. 

Southern Mingo Coal Co 

Sturgeon Coal Co 

Superior Pocahantas Coal Co 

Sylvester Fuels Corporation 

Sylvia Branch Coal Co 

T & R Coal Co. Inc 

Teds Coal Co 

Travko Coal Co 

Valley Camp Coal Co 

Virginia Crews Coal Co 

Walhoude Coal & Construction 

West Leatherwood Min. Inc 

Wise Mining Co 

'Mining method unknown except as indicated 



#3 , 

5 

Coalburg #1. . , 

#1 , 

Prince George. 
Kris-Beth #1., 
Lory Mine. . . . , 

Noseman , 

#1 , 

1 , 



#3 

#1 

Low-Hol 1 , 
1 



No. 3 , 

#1 

No. 2 , 

Moccasin 48. ... , 

Lobby #4 , 

#3 , 

Chesterfield 11. 
Chesterfield 12. 

#5B 

#3 

Prestonia #11. . , 
Prestonia #14. . , 

#9 

Stockton 1 

#1 (CV) 

Metco Mine #2. . . 

Badger 

#5 

#1 

Lobo #2 

Dicks Creek 36. . 

Kimberly 35 

#1 

#3 

#4 

King Mine 

Sylvia #1 

Mine 3A 

#1 

#8-B 

VC #43 (CV) 

Alpine (CM) 

Crooked Run #1. . 
Right Fork #1... 
Hernshaw #1P. . . . 







,04 
.12 
.19 
.29 
.03 
.01 
.04 
.03 
.53 
.03 
.05 
.05 
.04 
.09 
.11 
.21 
.07 
.02 
.01 
.06 
.05 
.06 
.17 
.09 
.02 
.08 
.10 
.01 
.08 
.02 
.10 
.06 
.06 
,03 
,17 
.10 
.37 
.13 
.12 
,08 
,06 
,23 
,06 
,01 
,10 
,04 
,02 
,02 
,06 



CM continuous raining; CV conventional. 



INT -BU.OF MINES,PGH.,P A. 28270 



71S7 lb7 



U.S. Department of the Interior 
Bureau of Mines— Prod, and Distr. 
Cochrans Mill Road 
P.O. Box 18070 
Pittsburgh, Pa. 15236 



OFFICIAL BUSINESS 
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE. $300 



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material, please remove 
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correct as indicated* 



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